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Objective To investigate the correlation between the changes of serum neuron specific enolase(NSE) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and the degree of neurological deficit (NIHSS)score in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods From January 2017 to January 2019,63 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to Lishui Central Hospital were selected.According to NIHSS score,they were divided into 13 mild cases,30 moderate cases and 20 severe cases.According to infarction area,they were divided into large area group(16 cases),small area group (27 cases) and lacunar infarction group (20 cases).Another 60 cases underwent health examination in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of NSE,and immunoturbidimetric assay was used to determine the content of hs-CRP.The changes of serum NSE and hs-CRP levels in the cerebral infarction group and control group,serum NSE,hs-CRP levels and NIHSS scores in different severity and infarction area,and the correlation between serum NSE and hs-CRP changes and NIHSS scores were compared.Results The serum levels of NSE [(21.34 ± 3.27) ng/mL] and hs-CRP [(10.48 ± 2.14) mg/L] in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(6.23 ± 1.08) ng/mL,(2.83 ± 0.46) mg/L] (t =34.061,27.095,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of NSE [(26.98 ± 3.64) ng/mL],hs-CRP [(15.36 ± 2.57) mg/L] and NIHSS score[(38.49 ±3.25) points] in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group and mild group,which in the moderate group [(20.98 ± 3.21) ng/mL,(10.25 ± 2.09) mg/L and (22.18 ± 3.48) points]were higher than those in the mild group [(12.64 ± 2.78) ng/mL,(5.47 ± 1.40) mg/L and (7.38 ± 2.56)],the differences were statistically significant (F =14.975,9.132,15.873,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of NSE[(25.43 ± 3.35) ng/mL],hs-CRP [(16.54 ± 2.71) mg/L] and NIHSS score [(37.34 ± 3.75) points] in the large area group were higher than those in the small area group and lacunar infarction group,which in the small area group [(21.67 ± 3.12) ng/mL,(10.86 ± 2.21) mg/L and (21.25 ± 3.26) points] were higher than those in the lacunar infarction group [(13.45 ± 2.97) ng/mL,(4.79 ± 1.35) mg/L and (8.49 ± 2.15) points],the differences were statistically significant (F =13.241,9.893,17.482,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of NSE and hs-CRP were positively correlated with NIHSS score (r =0.829,0.713,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The levels of serum NSE and hs-CRP in patients with cerebral infarction increase with the progression of the disease,and there is a linear positive correlation between NSE and hs-CRP and NIHSS score.It is considered that NSE and hs-CRP are of great value in evaluating the degree of neurological impairment,the severity of the disease and the size of the infarct.
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OBJECTIVE： To observe improvement effects of fingolimod on middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） injury model rats. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group and fingolimod low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.5， 1， 2 mg/kg）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， MCAO/R injury model was induced by suture-occluded method in other groups. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically after reperfusion [1 h after reperfusion （1st day）， 22.5 h after reperfusion （2nd day）， and then every 24 h until 142.5 h of reperfusion （7th day）]. Sham operation group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 7 d. The scores of neurological deficit and balance beam test， the times of memory error [work memory error （WME）， reference memory error （RME） and total error] were recorded in each group. The contents of serum inflammatory cytokines （IL-6， IL-8， IL-10， TNF-α） were determined by ELISA， and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining method was used to detect the rate of cerebral infarction. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， neurological deficit scores （at different time points of 1st-7th day after administration）， balance beam test scores （2nd， 4th， 7th day after administration）， times of memory error （2nd， 4th， 7th day after administration）， the contents of serum inflammatory cytokines and the rate of cerebral infarction were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， neurological deficit scores （low-dose group at different time points of 3rd-7th day， medium-dose and high-dose groups at different time points of 2nd-7th day after administration）， balance beam test scores （low-dose group at 7th day， medium-dose group at 4th and 7th day， high-dose group at 2nd， 4th， 7th day）， RME times and total error times （low-dose group at 4th and 7th day， medium-dose group and high-dose group at 2nd， 4th， 7th day after administration）， WME times （administrations groups at 7th day after administration）， serum contents of IL-6， IL-8 and IL-10 （administrations groups）， serum contents of TNF-α （medium-dose and high-does groups） and cerebral infarction rate （medium-dose and high-dose groups） were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Intragastric administration of fingolimod can significantly reduce neurological deficit score， balance beam test score and the times of memory error in MCAO/R injury model rats， and has a protective effect on cerebral tissue and memory function. These effects may be related to the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α by fingolimod.
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Objective·To compare the differences in cardiac function and neurological function between asphyxia and ventricular fibrillation (VF)induced cardiac arrest rat model.Methods·Twenty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into VF group (n=8),asphyxial group (n=8)and sham group (n=4).Cardiac arrest models were established in VF group and asphyxial group by VF and asphyxia respectively.All animals were observed for 24 h and advanced life support was offered for the first 1 h after resuscitation.During the 24 h,ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured with the help of cardiac ultrasonography at 1,3,5 and 6 h post resuscitation.Electrocardiographic changes,24 h survival analysis and neurological deficit score (NDS) were also recorded and analyzed at 6,12,18 and 24 h post resuscitation.Results·Both EF and CO decreased dramatically after resuscitation compared with sham group at the same time point (P=0.000).At 1 h post resuscitation,the CO decreased from (98.84±4.86)mL/min to (59.17±22.99) mL/min in VF group and from (99.86±10.34) mL/min to (46,02±22.32) mL/min in asphyxial group,but there was no difference between the two groups (P=0.792).At 3,5 and 6 h post resuscitation,the CO in VF group was higher than that in asphyxial group (P=0.041,P=0.007,P=0.020).At 1 h post resuscitation,the EF decreased from (82.67±6.21)％ to (70.23±13.24)％ in VF group and from (83.24±3.01)％ to (65.46±13.11)％in asphyxial group,but no difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.877).Then a recovery tendency was observed in both groups,but more obvious in VF group at 3 and 5 h post resuscitation (P=0.031,P=0.024).No difference was found between the two groups in survival rate during 24 h and the NDS after resuscitation,although the neurological function was greatly impaired.Conclusion·VF and asphyxia are most commonly used methods to induce cardiac arrest,but these models may differ in cardiac function post resuscitation.Researchers need to choose appropriate models according to their study objectives.
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Objective: To compare the differences in cardiac function and neurological function between asphyxia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced cardiac arrest rat model. Methods: Twenty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into VF group (n=8), asphyxial group (n=8) and sham group (n=4). Cardiac arrest models were established in VF group and asphyxial group by VF and asphyxia respectively. All animals were observed for 24 h and advanced life support was offered for the first 1 h after resuscitation. During the 24 h, ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured with the help of cardiac ultrasonography at 1, 3, 5 and 6 h post resuscitation. Electrocardiographic changes, 24 h survival analysis and neurological deficit score (NDS) were also recorded and analyzed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post resuscitation. Results: Both EF and CO decreased dramatically after resuscitation compared with sham group at the same time point (P=0.000). At 1 h post resuscitation, the CO decreased from (98.84±4.86) mL/min to (59.17±22.99) mL/min in VF group and from (99.86±10.34) mL/min to (46.02±22.32) mL/min in asphyxial group, but there was no difference between the two groups (P=0.792). At 3, 5 and 6 h post resuscitation, the CO in VF group was higher than that in asphyxial group (P=0.041, P=0.007, P=0.020). At 1 h post resuscitation, the EF decreased from (82.67±6.21)% to (70.23±13.24)% in VF group and from (83.24±3.01)% to (65.46±13.11)% in asphyxial group, but no difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.877). Then a recovery tendency was observed in both groups, but more obvious in VF group at 3 and 5 h post resuscitation (P=0.031, P=0.024). No difference was found between the two groups in survival rate during 24 h and the NDS after resuscitation, although the neurological function was greatly impaired. Conclusion: VF and asphyxia are most commonly used methods to induce cardiac arrest, but these models may differ in cardiac function post resuscitation. Researchers need to choose appropriate models according to their study objectives.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of sparstolonin B(8,5'-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidoisocoumarin, SsnB) on mouse with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: The effect of SsnB on neuronal cell death induced by Hb using a microglia-neuron transwell system was investigated. Autologous nonanticoagulated blood was collected from the tail artery of the mouse and then injected into the striatum using a syringe pump. Neurological deficit of the mouse with ICH was assessed 1,3,5 and 7 d after SsnB administration using modified neurological severity score system, and brain water content of the mouse cerebral tissues after ICH was measured at the same day. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in perihematoma tissues, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1 p and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured by ELISA assay. RESULTS: The results show that SsnB significantly reduced the neurological deficit scores and the brain water content, and inhibited the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α at first day and third day after ICH. CONCLUSION: SsnB can improve the brain injury in mouse induced by ICH. The mechanism may involve increased the neuronal survival rate and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of mouse after ICH.
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Objective To evaluate the association between hemoglobin concentration and stroke severity on admission in ischemic stroke without diabetes. Methods Based on the China National Stroke Registry,the information of acute stroke patients were collected by trained research coordinators and investigators with the methods of review clinical records or interview. Demography, disease history, behavior and habits, hemoglobin concentration,and NIHSS score on admission were collected in this study. The iIncluded patients with the integri?ty of the information of non diabetes,3 h to the hospital,no gastrointestinal bleeding and Hb concentration and NIHSS score at admission. Hemoglobin concentration was classed according to quintiles and the outcome was grouped into ≤3 and >3 groups. The method of logistic regression was used to explore the association between hemoglobin and NIHSS. Results A total of 1 419 individuals was included in this study,including 883 males and 536 females. The mean age was 67. 24±12. 46 years old and the proportion of NIHSS>3 was 67. 51% (958/1419). With respect to non?minor stroke (NIHSS>3),the odds rations and 95% confident intervals of patients with hemoglobin ≤121. 0 g/L(Q1),>122. 1-≤132. 0 g/L(Q2),>141. 0-≤152. 0 g/L(Q4),≥152. 1 g/L (Q5) were 1. 84(95%CI 1. 21-2. 79,P=0. 004),1. 24(95%CI 0. 83-1. 86,P=0. 294),1. 32(95%CI 0. 88-1. 96,P=0. 178) ,1. 52( 95%CI 1. 01-2. 28,P=0. 044) respectively,compared with hemoglobin between 132. 0 and 141. 0 g/L( Q3) . Conclusion Stroke severity is associated with lower and higher hemoglobin concentration in acute ischemic stroke without diabetes.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of anti-inflammatory active fraction (AF) from the tuber of Scirpus yagaraohwi in mice with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: A 25 μL volume of autologous nonanticoagulated blood was collected from the tail artery of the mouse and then injected into the striatum using a syringe pump. Neurological deficits of the mouse was assessed 1, 3 and 5 days after ICH using a 28-point neurological deficit scale, and brain water content of the mouse cerebral tissues after ICH was measured at third day.The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in perihematoma tissues, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured by ELISA assay. RESULTS: The results show that AF significantly reduced the neurological deficit scores and the brain water content after ICH. AF also markedly inhibited the levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α at first day and third day alter ICH. CONCLUSION: Anti-inflammatory active fraction of Scirpus yagaraohwi can improve the brain injury in mouse induced by ICH. The mechanism may involve decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of mouse after ICH.
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Objective To explore the therapeutic potential and mechanism of stem cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and AMD3100 to repair global cerebral ischemia injuries in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxia.Fifty-six SD rats were randomly assigned into four groups:G-CSF group,G-CSF + AMD3100 group,CPR control group and sham operated group.The animals were sacrificed at 3d and 6d after CPR respectively.The neurological status and morphological changes of damaged cerebrum,the apoptosis of nerve cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressed in brain tissue and capillary density in hippocampus and temporal lobe cortex were measured and analyzed by means of neurological deficit score (NDS),adhesive tape removal test (TRT),ELISA,MRI and immunofluorescence.Results NDS in G-CSF + AMD3100 group (61.4 ± 10.7) was significantly higher than that in CPR control group (49.9 ± 10.4) at 3 d after CPR (P ＜0.05).And less time consumption for TRT found in G-CSF + AMD3100 group (85.5 ±28.9) s rather than was in CPR control group (148.1 ± 23.8) s and G-CSF group (118.5 ± 30.4) s (P ＜ 0.05).The severity of cerebral injury assessed by MRI was significantly milder at both 3 d and 6 d in the two stem cell mobilization groups.The apoptosis rate of nerve cells in G-CSF + AMD3100 group (0.23 ± 0.06) was significantly lower than that in G-CSF group (0.34 ±0.08) at 3 d after CPR,and that in both stem cell mobilization groups was lower than that in CPR control group (0.44 ± 0.09) (P ＜ 0.05).At 3 d and 6 d after CPR,the levels of VEGF in brain tissue were (106.2 ±23.3) pg/mL and (79.9 ± 18.4) pg/mL in G-CSF + AMD3100 group,and were (50.6 ± 13.7) pg/mL and (73.9 ± 16.6) pg/mL in G-CSF group,which were both significantly higher than that in CPR control group (23.1 ± 10.2) pg/mL and (36.2 ± 12.8) pg/mL (P ＜0.05).At 3 d after CPR,the cerebral capillary density (351.8 ±67.9) branches in every high power field (A/HPF) was significantly higher in G-CSF + AMD3100 group than that (301.4 ± 77.3) A/HPF in G-CSF group and (250.4 ± 48.0) A/HPF in CPR control group (P ＜ 0.05).The cerebral capillary density in G-CSF group elevated to (348.4 ±76.7) A/HPF at 6 d after CPR which was significantly higher than that at 3 d (P ＜0.05),and there was no difference between that at 3 d and 6 d in G-CSF + AMD3100 group.Conclusions The mobilization stem cells improve the impaired neurological function.The increased expression of VEGF in brain tissue,the neo-vascularization promoted by the mobilized stem cells and the inhibition of nerve cell apoptosis may be associated with the protective effects of the stem cell mobilization.
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Objective To study the changes of hemodynamic parameters and electrolytes observed within 72 hours of hypothermic therapy in porcine model of cardiac ventricular fibrillation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR ) in order to provide clinical basis for safe application of mild hypothermia.Methods After typical ventricular fibrillation (VF)for 8 minutes,the survival animals were randomly (random number)divided into two groups,namely normothermia group and hypothermia group. Upon restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC ),swine of the hypothermic group was treated by endovascular cooling device at a rate of 1 ℃/h until 33 ℃ and it was maintained for 12 h,then rewarming was initiated passively at a rate of 0.5 ℃/h until 38 ℃.The neurologic deficit scores (NDS)of swine were used to evaluate neurological function at 24 h and 72 h after recovery.Serum levels of potassium and sodium were measured at 0.5 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 72 h after recovery.Results ROSC (restoration of spontaneous circulation)rate was 84.2%.The hypothermia group had higher survival rates at 24 h (75%) and 72 h (62.5%)compared to the normothermia group (37.5% and 25%,respectively),(P0.05).The mean NDSs at 24 h and 72 h after recovery was 112.5 (98.75 -126.25)and 61 (50-75), respectively,in the hypothermic group,and 230 (225 -235)and 207.5 (165 -250),respectively,in the normothermia group (P <0.01 ).Conclusions Hypothermia has little influence on serum levels of potassium and sodium,and mild hypothermia following resuscitation improves neurological function in the porcine models of cardiac fibrillation.
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Objective To observe the effects of standardized three stage rehabilitation treatment on the neu- rological deficit scores (NDS) and ADL performance of ischemic stroke patients.Methods A total of 164 ischemic stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group.The neurological function and ADL performance of the patients were assessed by using NDS and Modified Barthcl Index (MBI) at the admission,at the end of 1st,3rd and 6th months post stroke.Results No significant differences were found be- tween the rehabilitative and the control groups with regard to NDS and MBI at admission.The NDS demonstrated a decreasing tendency,while the MBI score an increasing tendency in both groups.In the control group,significant difference of NDS was found between admission and the end of 1st month as well as between the end of the 1 st and the 3rd months.In rehabilitation group,significant difference was revealed between all the time points with regard to NDS and MBI scores.At the end of the 1st,3rd and 6th months,the MBI scores of the rehabilitation group were signifi- cantly higher than those of the control group,indicating that the ADL performance of those treated with standardized three-stage rehabilitation protocol was improved quicker than those without the protocol.Conclusion Standardized three-stage rehabilitation treatment could improve the neurological function and ADL performance of the ischemic stroke patients.